Differences Between Culture, Race, And Class - 1329 Words

This paper will focus on the similarities and differences in cultures and how it relates to schooling, family, religion, education and language. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the effects that culture, race, and class have on human’s behaviors, resilience, struggles and faith. . The cross culture countries of analysis will be Guyana and Portugal which are situated at two opposite ends of the world. Which makes this comparison even more compelling? With worlds so distant, one might expect to have fewer similarities. But as I began to categorize the similarities and difference on chart exhibit A, I was pleasantly surprised with the commonalities. First I developed a chart and compare the similarities and differences,†¦show more content†¦According to the text Understanding Human Differences by Koppelman stated â€Å"For every talent that poverty has stimulated it has blighted a hundred† (p. 264). Secondly, the difference that was recognizable was the religious aspect. Even though Claudio was raised a Roman Catholic and I an Anglican, we both believe in the same God. Our views on heaven and hell totally differ relating to religious beliefs. From my perspective I, believe in heaven and a hell. Coupled with, being accountable to someone when you depart this world. As the saying goes, everyone was put on this earth for a reason and we as individuals should achieve and accomplished the purpose we were meant to achieve. If for some reason, we did not achieve our purpose while we were on earth, then there should be consequences for our actions or missteps when our souls depart this earth. Claudio on the other hand, whose early years were deeply engrossed in becoming a priest, has drawn a connection from his own life experience. For instance, he seems to come to the conclusion that there is a heaven, but not a hell. He also elaborated that the persecution that humans endure during their lifetime on earth is the hell we sometimes describes when

Core Corporate Strategic Capabilities Role of Corporate Capabilities - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3511 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Abstract Core strategies have been addressed in most of strategic literature but there has been little extension with respect to assessing the core strategic capabilities. Market measure which is done in form of looking competitive advantage has been the widely used measure for assessing the success of a strategy. Corporate reputation measure reflects into a large extent the performance measure, as well a society measure together with integrating institutional dimensions (macro, messo and micro). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Core Corporate Strategic Capabilities: Role of Corporate Capabilities" essay for you Create order Capability of a strategy is not only assessed with respect to performance delivery but its ability to overcome environmental barriers, within and outside the corporate, and achieve these in integrity manner on which the outcome is sustainable corporate reputation which is measured from international as well as national eyes. In other words, reputable firms are well performing firms in the market (financial measure) but in addition they perform well in non financial measures. This paper has sited corporate capabilities as well as corporate integrity to be main ingredients toward core corporate strategic capabilities but also institutions shape both of them. On the other hand this paper is contributing to the standing literature with respect to assessing a capability of a strategy not only on the features and performance based but from society angle as well as in context of institutions. 1.0 Introduction Core corporate strategic capability is the question for many corporations that operates around many places in the world. Traditional measure for assessing the successful or a key strategy is with respect to their competitive advantage. Strategies in this scale are assessed to whether they fulfil the aspects of uniqueness, inimitable, rare, and be able to create value. The outcome of these dimensions leads into competitive advantage which by itself is a measure of firm competitiveness relative to another player in the firm. This measure is too limited for several reasons. Worden (2003: 39) commented that reputation is base of an organizational identity, crystallizing the essence of what a company is, does, and stands for through images held of the organization in its environment. This paper intends to go beyond in addressing the question of a capability of a strategy which is not only assessed within the constraints of performance though that is also one on the dimension. This pa per also has a view that a core strategic capability depend highly on the corporate capabilities (innovation, leadership/managerial, financial etc), but does as well include corporate integrity. Lenz (1980) defined strategic capability as the capability of an enterprise to successfully undertake action that is intended to affect its long-term growth and development. If Integrity has not being integrated into a strategy there will be a huge failure from within and from outside the firm. Core strategic capability not only relies on corporate capabilities but also relies on corporate integrity as well as on the influence of institutions. Tan Litschert (1994) found a different strategic focuses between planned economies and transition economies, implying a huge role of institutional factors in restructuring and assessing the strategic capabilities. 1.1 General Objective To analyze core corporate strategic capabilities and their ultimate influence on sustainable corporate reputation as well as assessing the role of corporate capability and corporate integrity on these strategic capabilities. 1.2 Specific objectives Defining and assess core corporate capabilities, core strategic capabilities, corporate reputation, institutions and corporate integrity. Analyze the influence of core corporate capabilities on core corporate strategic capabilities. Analyze the influence of Corporate Integrity on Core corporate strategic capabilities. Examine the role of institutions on both the ingredients influencing core corporate strategic capabilities and on sustainable corporate reputation. Analyze the influence of corporate core strategic capabilities on corporate sustainable reputation. 1.3 Reseach Questions What are core corporate capabilities? What are corporate core strategic capabilities? What is corporate reputation? What are institutions? What is corporate integrity? What is the influence of corporate core capabilities on corporate core strategic capabilities? What is the influence of corporate integrity on core strategic capabilities? What is the role of institutions on both ingredients that influence core strategic capabilities and on sustainable corporate reputation?; What is the influence of corporate core strategic capabilities on corporate sustainable reputation. 2.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND CONCEPTS 2.1 Corporate capabilities Ulrich Wiersema (1989: 119) defined Organizational capability as a firms ability to establish internal structures and processes that create firm-specific competencies and enable it to adapt to changing external pressures. Day (1994), on the other hand distinguished between business/organizational assets from business/organizational capabilities. Wong (2009) argued that skills and competence of business continuity management are integral parts of strategic management. Irvin Michaels III (1989), noted skills to be critical capabilities that an organization as a whole has- as distinct from the capabilities of individuals in the organization. Other authors use the term capability to refer to certain key skills of the organization. Managerial, technological, leadership, innovation, negotiation and communication are some of capabilities that are mostly referred in most articles with respect to this subject (Lenz, 1980; Ulrich Lake, 1991). In this study corporate capabilities in addition to (Lenz, 1980, Ulrich Lake, 1991) should also be able to empower the organization through value creation, overcoming the corporate barriers as well as being relied for such purposes within the organization and ultimately they should be able to deliver the expectations of firm and society at large. 2.2 Corporate Integrity: Integrity is derived from Latin word integritas meaning wholeness, coherence, rightness, or purity, has both a narrow and broad sense (Worden, 2003:33), the author continued to argue that integrity can also be defined as consistency between word and deed, in line with a consistent set of principles or commitments, especially in the context of a temptation or challenge to the contrary. Schwartz (2005: 28) defined Integrity as to be of sound moral principle, to have the characteristics of honesty, sincerity, and condor. Koehn (2005) noted that integrity is a business asset and he claim we should value integrity because it has a market worth. To kohen, people of integrity want to act mindfully whenever, wherever and those possessing this virtue, act with both short and long-term. This paper views corporate integrity as not just abiding to laws or regulations of a particular country of fits into ethical views of a given culture but to constantly abiding to the global (internat ional) principles in terms of words and actions. 2.3 Corporate Reputation Worden (2003: 39) commented that reputation is base of an organizational identity, crystallizing the essence of what a company is, does, and stands for through images held of the organization in its environment. On the other hand Fombrun (1996), pointed out that Reputation capital is a form of intangible wealth which is closely associated with accounts call or goodwill and marketers term brand equity. Castro (2006) described corporate reputation as a result of the process of social legitimization. Reputation assumes an important role when there is uncertainty about the underlying quality of firms offerings (Robert and Dowlig, 2002: 1079). Describing the nature of uncertainty, authors argued that uncertainty makes it difficult for competing firms to quickly make quality demonstrations that would offset the signalling benefits associated with a good reputation. Schwaiger (2004) on the other hand pointed out that evaluating corporate reputation not only appraises subjective perc eptions of a companys attributes but also allows an intrinsic disposition towards these attributes. 2.4 Core strategic Capability Mintzberg (1973) defined strategy as a patterned stream of decisions, which focus on a set of resource allocations that are employed in an attempt to reach a position consistent with a firms environment. Ulrich Wiersema (1989) noted a need for firm to develop a sense of strategic capability so as to adjust with environmental turbulences. Lenz (1980) defined strategic capability as the capability of an enterprise to successfully undertake action that is intended to affect its long-term growth and development. Hafeez et al (2002) noted that key strategic capabilities are those that help to generate high profit margins, and are the clear market winners in securing market share however authors argued that relying purely on financial measures have implications. This paper perceive strategic capabilities to be able to link the corporate capabilities and their intended results as well as being able to overcome business and institutional barriers from within and outside the organ ization. 2.5 Institutions North (1990:34) defined institutions as humanly devised constraints that structure human interaction. Scott (1995:33) on the other hand defines institutions as regulatory, normative, and cognitive structures and activities that provide stability and meaning to social behaviour. Peng (2004) established what he noted as institutional framework and is made up of formal and informal institutions governing individual and firm behaviour and these institutions, in turn, are supported by three pillars, which are regulatory, normative and cognitive. Falkenberg (2007) viewed institutions as the those which provide traffic rules for carrying our transactions, or exchange. The major role of institutions in a society is to reduce uncertainty by establishing a stable (but not necessarily efficient) structure to human interaction (North, 1990). Meyer Nguyen (2005) suggested that institutions influence business strategies. Peng (2004: 110), noted that institutions affect firm strategies by con straining the range of acceptable actions. This paper will use the model introduced by Falkenberg (2007) on levels of institutions, where he noted the micro, macro and messo (contry) level institutions. Micro level institutions play as traffic rules for the human behaviour within the local culture. Messo level institutions interact at the national level of a country which include economic, political and legal systems. Macro institutions help to govern international business to be more profitable and fair for parties in the transaction. 2.6 Corporate Performance Mostly widely used form of performance measure for the firms is economic performance. Some studies use absolute measures while others use relative measures. When a relative measure is used, the performance of a firm is compared to others in the same industry. Dess Robinson (1984) used in each firms current performance relative to other firms in the industry. Fombrun Shanley (1990) used relative competitive measure in terms of sales growth, Return on equity, Return on investments etc. Objective performance measures has been highlited to be complex for small firms compared to large firms (Dess Robinson, 1984). Just as price signals a firms inherent quality to consumers, high economic performance signals a firms inherent quality to investors and creditors (Fombrun and Shanley, 1990). 3.0 CONSTRUCTED MODEL AND HYPOTHESIS 3.1 Model The model below summarizes the theory discussed from above section. The idea from the model is that the key ingredients towards corporate core strategic capabilities are corporate capabilities and corporate integrity, institutions are mediating this relation. On the other hand Core corporate strategic capabilities leads into sustainable corporate reputation. Corporate Capabilities Corporate Integrity Core Corporate strategic capabilities Sustainable Corporate Reputation Capital Institutions Macro Messo Micro + + + + + Corporate Performance + Figure 1 Source: (Author construct from literature, 2010) 3.2 Hypothesis and Prepositions 3.2.1The Effect on Corporate Core Strategic Capabilities Effects of Corporate Capabilities Corporate capability have been highlighted by Ulrich Wiersema (1989) to mean firms ability to establish internal structures and processes that create firm-specific competencies and enable it to adapt to changing external pressures. The rationale for arguing this is the fact that strategy by itself without organizational capabilities cannot deliver. This means the capability of strategy will heavily rely on the organizational capability. (Lenz, 1980) argued that broader a firms knowledge-technique base for value creation, the greater is its strategic capability. H1: Corporate capabilities have a positive impact on core corporate strategic capabilities. Effects of Corporate Integrity Velasquez (2006) pointed out that business activities, like any other human activities, cannot exist unless the people involved in the business and its surrounding community adhere to some minimal standards of ethics. Integrity facilitates the bottom line, making it of value to strategic values (Worden, 2003). A strategy based on integrity hold the organization to a more robust standard (Paine, 1994:111). Petrick Quinn (2001) suggested that integrity is an organizational strategic asset. The capability of strategy in this respect relies on the integrity of the organization employees and management which together formulate the dimension of corporate integrity. Formal way of arguing is that a strategy as a formulated means will not only need empowerment from the organization but will require the ethical dimension which ensure that there is a match between the underlined actions and expectations to the actual implementation. H2: Corporate Integrity has a positive impact on corp orate core strategic capabilities Effects of Institutions Institutions to which the corporate are operating have a key role in determining their strategic capability. The strategy may be capable in one country and became incapable in another country just because of the variation of institutional factors. Formally I argue that the institutions have positive mediating effect between the corporate integrity and core strategic capability as well as in relation between corporate capability and core strategic capability. Lewin et al (1999), noted that strategies and organizational responses are expected to be partly shaped by country-specific changes affecting business system and culture, and by history and firm-specific history-dependent exploitations and explorations H3a: Level of integration of Institutional aspects in the corporation has a positive mediating effect between corporate capabilities and core strategic capabilities. H3b: Level of Institutional integration aspect in the corporation has a positive mediating effect between corporate integrity and corporate strategic capabilities. 3.2.2 Effect on Sustainable Corporate reputation Effect of Core strategic capabilities Worden (2003) viewed corporate reputation as a base of an organizational identity, crystallizing the essence of what a company is, does, and stands for through images held of the organization in its environment. The description of worden represent ideal of what a strategic capability can ensure for the organization, meaning it will not only impact positively on reputation but will also ensure the sustainability of it. H4: Core strategic capabilities have a positive effect on Sustainable corporate reputation Effect of Institutions Institutions have also a key role in determining corporate reputation. Culture values which centres on establishing society norms for judging what is right or wrong provide a key influence on shaping a response with respect to how people views a certain conduct as a reputable or not. Also international laws, rules and principles as well as local government laws and media plays key roles in evaluating or judging the perception to what the corporations are doing. The reputation of a firm is not only an outcome of its performance but depends on whether the performance is in accordance to institutional expectations. Formally arguing the institutions have a direct effect on sustainable corporate reputation. H5: Level of integration of Institutional aspects in the corporation has a positive effect on sustainable corporate reputation. Effects of Performance Relationship between a firms reputation and its financial performance is complex (Hammond and Slocum, 1996). Key two reasons which were mentioned by the authors to be souce of complexity are; First, it takes profit to have the funds to have socially responsible activities. Second is the differences in stakeholders interests, whereby satisfying one group could be at the expense of the other. Thirdly is that corporate reputation often represents stakeholders perception of the quality of the firms management. The results from Hammond Slocum (1996) study indicated that performance (measured by return on sales) has a positive impact on firms later reputation. Citing specific examples, they found that ROE in 1981 was positively associated with good reputation in 1993. On the other hand an empirical analysis by Sabate and Puente (2003), indicated a two way relationship between reputation and performance. H7: There is positive interrelation between corporate performance and corporate r eputation 3.2.3 Effect on Performance Core strategic capabilities Hill and Snell (1988), found a directly positive effect of strategy on firm performance (in terms of profitability). On the other hand Beard Dess (1981), found that both corporate-level strategy and business level strategy are important in explaining variations in firm profitability. H8: Core strategic capabilities has a positive impact on corporate performance RESEARCH METHOD SAMPLE This study intends to use about 250 Multinational corporations. The sample is intended to be half splited between multinationals that operates in developing economies and those which operates in developed economies. In a situation which a particular multinationals is operating in both econmies (which is a likely to be a case), one on subsidiary will be choosen. 4.0 EMPIRICAL MEASUREMENTS 4.1 Reputation Fortune 1000, have examples of items they use in assessing firm reputation from managers and analyst and they include aspects like; asset use, community and environmental friendliness, ability to develop and keep key people, financial soundness, degree of innovativeness, investment value, management quality and product quality. Cravens et al (2003) developed a reputation index measure which reflected the following aspect; Product/service; employee/suppliers; external relationships/alliances; innovation; value creation; financial strength and viability; strategy; culture; intangible liabilities. These items do not differ from what Schwaiger (2004) noted same features as well. Fombrun and Shanley (1990) used 11-pont scale (0= poor, 10= excellent) and questions focused on how would respondent rate the companies on each of the following attributes: quality of management, quality of products or services; long-term investment value; innovativeness; financial soundness; ability t o attract, develop, and keep talented people; community and environmental responsibility; and use of corporate assets. This paper will adopt this measure. 4.2 Integrity Kaptein and Avelino (2005) will be used (7-points likert scale) where key items are; the existence of codes, the quality of compliance programs; the ways these codes and programs are embedded in and supported by the corporate structure and culture; the frequency of unethical conduct. Authors broadened up these dimensions into specific set of items which were ranked in percentages from (0= poor to 100%= excellent). These items are False/misleading promises to customers; violation of workplace health/safety rules, employment discrimination; sexual harassment or hostile work environment; carelessness with confidential/proprietary information; Activities posing a conflict of interest; 4.3 Organizational Capababilities: This paper will use part of items developed by Lenz (1980), Ulrich Lake (1991) which included managerial, technological, leadership, innovation, negotiation and communication capabilities. These all items will be used in 7-points likert scale and the focus will be finding out the extent to which particular organization posess them. Sharma Vredenburg (1998) provided detailed items, and they will also be used in addition to above. 4.4 Core strategic Capabilites Most strategic literature argue that a core strategy must be rare, inimitable, valuable as well as organizable. These character are not necessarily the capabilities themselves rather they are centred at creating a competitive advantage i.e. an advantage of a firm relative to their competitors in a given industry. Sharma Vredenburg (1998). Example of some statements could be; We have capable means to address conflicts within and outside the organization; Our strategies (means) are unique and well embedded in our organization (not easy to copy by other organizations) and are capable at creating benefits; Our strategies are capable of addressing local challenges as well as meeting universal standards; Our strategies do not conflict with local culture and society values; Our strategies are capable of ensuring sustainable growth 4.5 Institutions In measuring the institutions there will be a need to deal with the three dimensions of institutions Falkenberg (2007 i.e. macro, messo and micro. 7-points likert scale will be used for a set of measuring items which organization will agree or disagree on the extent to which they integrate these institutional items in their strategies and as well on the level they feel they influence their organization. The Lewin et al (1999), five institutional components; Role of government (extensiveness of involvement, regulatory environment in terms of detailness, guidance or laissez-faire), Rule of law (level of developed rules, government role in terms of centralization or decentralization , and transparency), Structure of capital markets (level of restrictiveness versus competitiveness, banks long term equity owners versus sophisticated, large scale liquid markets), Education system (centralized versus decentralized, uniform versus heterogenous, vocational versus non vocationa, meritocracy versus path for socioeconomic system) 4.6 Corporate performance Dess Robinson (1984) used both subjective and self-reported objective measures of return on assets and growth in sales as well as two measures of what may be considered overall or global organizational performance. Objective measures included firm total sales growth, firm after tax return on total assets, and overall firm performance. These measures were then ranked into a five point scale. The subjective performance involved asking CEOs to comment on ideal or optimal performance of their firms in their industries with comparison to competitors. Buck et al (1998) used mainly economic criterias for performance, and key iterms they used were market share, growth (sales), profitability, Retur non investment (ROIC), and ration of market to book value. The decision to include subjective measures in performance relies moslty on the study objectives, whether it is a comparison of measures or it is something involving analysis of relations among variables. This study will adopt mainly eco nomic performance measures used by Buck et al (1998), but in addition the measures will be ranked into a 7-points likert scale. 5.0 Data Analysis Technique Based on the nature of this study qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods will be appropriate. With regard to quantitative data analysis method the following linear regressive (additive) model will be used to test hypothesis H1 to H8. STRCAP = ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² o + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² 1CORPCAP + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²2CORPINT + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²3INST + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ µ ( i) Where, STRCAP= Strategic Capabilities CORPCAP= Corporate Capabilities CORPINT= Corporate Integrity INST= Institutions STRCAP= ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² o + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² 1CORPCAP + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²2CORPINT + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²3INST + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²4CORPCAPXINST + (ii) ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢5CORPINTXINST + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ µ Where, CORPXINST= Interaction of corporate capabilities and institutions COPRINTXINST = Interaction of corporate integrity and institutions. CORPREP= ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² o + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² 1STRATCAP + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²2INST + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²3CORPP ERF + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ µ (iii) Where, CORPREP= Corporate Reputation CORPPERF= Corporate Performance CORPERF = ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² o + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² 1STRATCAP + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²2CORPREP + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ µ

Information System And Network Infrastructure Upgrade At...

Purpose of Interview: Determine the requirements of the new information system and network infrastructure upgrade at XYZ Hospital. Questions: 1. What are the current issues with the existing network and information system at XYZ Hospital? One of the first things that comes to mind is the administrative and clinical staff are complaining about how â€Å"slow† the network is. With an increase in staff over the years at the hospital and an increase in the demand of the network and the existing system is struggling to keep up. Staff are complaining about the weak and slow speed of the network at the hospital. Along with the problems of the network, staff are also having a hard time of being able keep patient medical records up to date and patient billing correct. 2. What features should the new system have that the existing system does not currently possess? The hospital’s existing information system and network were designed many years ago when all that it was mainly used for was sending email, using the internet for research, or saving files to a file server. We would like the new information system and network upgrade to take advantage of being able to have an information system where all patient medical records can be updated on a continual basis, where medical inventory can be inputted into a patient inventory database to keep track of what has or hasn’t been used for patients, where patient billing is accurate and kept up to date and accessible in real time. Where ClinicalShow MoreRelatedBenefits And Limitations Of A New Information System And Upgrading The Hospital s Network1416 Words   |  6 PagesThe technology feasibility study has an argument that XYZ hospital s current technology is outdated and doesn t meet current healthcare standards. The hospital s network bandwidth is capped because of the antiquated eq uipment and problematic wiring. Advantages and disadvantages of the current network are that the current system will work with outdated technology. A disadvantage is if the hospital is unable to acquire newer technologies which can have an effect on effectiveness and efficienciesRead MoreTechnology Essay11684 Words   |  47 Pagesthe advances in technology,  scientists  and doctors find different vaccines to help people be healthier. The medical ... Most importantly, we can see how  scientists are in the process of looking for the solution ... ... and they can infuse  this information into a lesson, making the lesson related with real life situations for students. --- very good!! In the final analysis, I think the benefits technology  offers  to improve the quality of life ... Ultimately,  technology is developed by people to helpRead MoreAccounting Information System Chapter 1137115 Words   |  549 PagesCHAPTER 1 ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS: AN OVERVIEW SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1.1 The value of information is the difference between the benefits realized from using that information and the costs of producing it. Would you, or any organization, ever produce information if its expected costs exceeded its benefits? If so, provide some examples. If not, why not? Most organizations produce information only if its value exceeds its cost. However, there are two situationsRead MoreArticle: Performance Appraisal and Performance Management35812 Words   |  144 Pagesemployee’s performance appraisal system to employee’s performance management system. This paper has focused to study the evolution of employee’s performance appraisal system, critics the system suffered and how the performance management system came to the practice. The main purpose of this paper is to differentiate these two systems, employee’s performance appraisal and management system. This paper uses a review of the literature to evaluate the development of appraisal system and argues the critic areasRead MorePmp Exam Preparation Questions32679 Words   |  131 Pagesthat her organization has already conducted a similar project and some of the team members from that project will join her team as well. She isn’t sure where to start her Project management plan. Her FIRST option is to depend on: A Historical information B Project team C Senior managers D Project sponsor 16 Tax accountants have alerted your company, Scon, about a possible expense reimbursement misuse, including falsifying of data by 250 employees. Upon investigation your company finds theseRead MoreTransforming Total Sales into Net Profits51271 Words   |  206 Pagespublication contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is used with permission, and sources are indicated. Reasonable effort has been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. All rights reserved. Neither this publication nor any part thereof may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any

Leaking Sensitive Information for Malware-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theLeaking Sensitive Information for Malware and Trojans. Answer: This is the threat that occurs mostly due to human error. The employees may unknowingly share potentially secured information such as personally identifiable information. The leakage of such potentially valuable information may pose serious threat to the organization as the information is shared to the attackers and is not restricted to the two parties involved. Fraud/Phishing These attacks is a type of social engineering attack in which the attacker, masquerading as a trusted official forces the victim to click on the malicious links via emails, text messages, and instant messages. It is essentially meant to steal the user data such as the login credentials, credit and debit card details as the details in the link appears official and trusted. Malware/Trojans Malware often termed as malicious software is a file or a program that poses a threat to the computer users. The software is meant to perform encryption of the files and leakage of potentially secured information. It also incorporates the potential to delete the vital information from the computer and usually transmitted through hyperlinks. Moreover, it also spreads through online viewing a file and through e-mail attachments. Compliance Pitfalls The compliance pitfall constitutes a set of rules that are primarily designed to protect the consumers from the incorrect information. The industries should maintain compliance with the regulatory bodies such that the information can be constantly reviewed and monitored by SEC, FINRA or IIROC. Design of a secure social enterprise networking system and reasoning The great utilization of social media poses a great threat to the security of the computers as well as the users. Thus, it is the utmost need of almost all industries to take preventive measures against the social media security threats such as phishing attacks, misuse of fake accounts and social engineering attacks through proper understanding of the key threats and the technique of attack. Moreover, there lies a dilemma as to suppress the utilization of the social media bear the loss of productivity benefits or allow the utilization of social media and indulge in data breach conditions and also incorporate malware infections. The next part describes the practices that can be implemented to boost the security measures of social media. The utilization of social media imparts huge benefits to the organization but also incorporates security issues. Thus, for the proper utilization of the social media the organization should enforce security policies and undertake employee education. The enforcement of stringent social media security policies and regulations could protect the enterprise against security risk and embarrassment. The requirements for designing a social media security plan are described below: Develop a social media security policy There is an utmost need of social media security policy that would govern the utilization of the social media not only by the employees but also by the company as a whole. The design of the policy should incorporate the requirements of the company and should also consider the risk factors. Moreover, the success can be achieved only when the policies are properly enforced to the employees and by the continuous monitoring of the implementation of the policy. Implementation of multidimensional, risk-based approach The social media that incorporate poor security policies and poor management systems are vulnerable to various security attacks. Moreover, there exists an ambiguity between responsibility and ownership of the information on the social media. Thus, stringent security policies need to be implemented. Social media security strategy should be enhanced, multi layered. Moreover, it should be based on risk mitigation and information centric consisting of tools and mitigations for the risk imparted by the social media. Identify safe social networking sites The social media that incorporate strict social media security policies should be utilized as there exists numerous social media that are not safe and pose serious threat to the computer security. Enhance enterprise network visibility Social media security policies should be designed so as to monitor, detect, and mitigate incidents. The greater network visibility allows the social media to detect threat and provide mitigation as required. This can be achieved through the utilization of data loss prevention activities and web content filtering. 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Moreover, the employees should posses the discretion as to which URL should be viewed and which should be neglected thus, avoiding the malicious links. This would also prevent the computers and the companys network from the malicious softwares. Moreover, the social media security strategy should also educate the employees about what details should be made public about the organization.

Management and Leadership Effectiveness

There is a common misconception among many people that a leader is a boss and vice versa. This notion, however, is not true. A leader is defined as a person whom people follow and from whom they seek guidance and direction. A boss, on the other hand, can be anyone who has some sort of power over other people, especially colleagues at the work place.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Management and Leadership Effectiveness specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Leadership can, therefore, be defined as the process of utilising ones social influence to rally for assistance from ones followers in order to achieve a common goal. The demand for quality leadership is at all times high as citizens require leaders who can deliver consistent and sustainable development, with little, and diminishing resources at their disposal. This is especially true in a political scenario. The days when voting for a leader was simply a matter of political affiliation are dead and buried. People want actions, and demand results. So, what are the fundamental characteristics of a political leader? Well, these may vary from one person to the other because a person’s likeable attributes are a matter of preference. The following traits, however, stand out. Accountability is a fundamental ingredient and essentially the building blocks of a good leader. Personal accountability entails being answerable for your actions and of those that you supervise. A good leader should be ready to bear the burden of his subordinates’ shortcomings and deal with underperforming colleagues accordingly. Failure to do so will lead to a situation of blame-shifting and finger pointing which never bears any positive outcome. Personal accountability builds trust and shows an ability and dedication to achieving success and positive results. This is one trait that was portrayed by Prime Minister Bidzina Ivanishvili, when the president, Mikhei l Saakashvili, denounced the new cabinet at the parliamentary assembly of the council of Europe (System Innovation for Sustainability 2012), and claimed that Russia would use blackmailing and provocation, similar to what was done during the Azerbaijan elections in Georgia. Prime Minister Bidzina issued a public statement, in which he apologised to Georgia’s allies for the president’s actions. This clearly shows that Bidzina is accountable for the actions of the government, under which, he serves.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Honesty is another virtue that characterises a good leader, but sadly, it is a trait that many leaders lack. Honesty is like a coin with two faces. On one side, honesty builds credibility and trust, the two ingredients that are essential for gaining trust, belief and confidence from those around us. Prime Minister Bidzina displayed a imp ressive show of honesty when he unexpectedly entered into politics, specifically to challenge President Mikheil, and his leadership. â€Å"I’m 56 years old. I decided to go into politics because of our Soviet-style government,† said Bidzina, accusing the president of dictatorship, and buying off of Georgia’s old parliamentary opposition. The results of the prime minister’s actions are what many individuals and leaders dread, and which also happens to be the second face of the honesty coin. Being honest reveals the true nature of an individual or an organisation. It discloses past mistakes, failures, and shortcomings of individuals, leaving them vulnerable to prejudice and rejection. Compassion is the ability to identify a people’s suffering, and implement strategies that will alleviate their anguish, without any intentions to make any personal gains. This is a crucial trait for any political leader since it is their duty to look after the needs of the people whom they represent. Bidzina displayed compassion by challenging the president’s actions, which as he puts it, were turning the nation from a democracy and into a dictatorship. This showed that he valued the people’s rights and would sit down a watch them be eroded by selfish, self-centered individuals. Integrity; this is the ability to stick onto ones beliefs and principles, even in the presence of external pressure to change. This is an essential requirement for leaders, especially politicians as it shows moral uprightness, which earns the confidence from the people, who can trust their leaders to do the right thing, at the right time, even if it may be to their own (the leaders) disadvantage. This shows that leader values the welfare of the community, more than he does those of an individual. Bidzina claims that he had been forced to find other people to work with since the president, Mikheil, has bought off Georgia’s old parliamentary opposition. This shows that he, Bidzina, is a man of integrity because, as they say, â€Å"show me your friends, and I’ll tell you your character.†Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Management and Leadership Effectiveness specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is clearly evident that Bidzina has all the makings of a good political leader. He calls it the way he sees it and is not afraid to brush shoulders with any leader who does not fulfill their duty, or uses his political influence to make personal gains at the people’s expense. He is a person who will not be swayed away from his principles and his promises to his people. All leaders, politicians or otherwise, should strive to be like him (Russ’s Web 2003). The foregoing are just a few of the qualities and traits that are expected of any person, leader or not, and not just politicians. They are characteristics that one is usually born with, but the y can be learned where they lack. They should, however, be instinctive, and not something one has to ponder over. When in doubt, one can simply apply the golden rule; â€Å"do unto others as you would have them do unto you.† We have seen what is expected in political leadership, but what about management leadership. Well, most of what is expected from a political leader is also expected from a manager or a supervisor, but there are some slight variations depending on the organisational environment. These variations are brought about by such factors as job group division, division of labor, and hierarchy. Organisational complexity requires the adoption of adaptive leadership practices. This is particularly challenging for bureaucracies that seek to control variations through command and control approaches. So, rather than focusing on activities engaged in eliminating potential errors and discrepancies, adaptive practices seek to use these variations as opportunities for learni ng. This learning is not focused solely on the prevention of reoccurrence, but also on the organisational structure, communication systems and self-organising elements within the organisation (Espinosa, Harnden and Walker 637). In order to be effective therefore, a manager needs to be more accommodative of his juniors at the work place. For a leader to be effective, he will need to be able to adopt a different leadership style depending on the situation at hand. The leader should, however, be careful in deciding the leadership style he would like to adopt lest he makes a fool of himself, which will bring about disrespect from his junior colleagues.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are about six established leadership styles that have been identified and which are commonly implemented in management leadership. An in dept analysis of these six leadership styles will give an insight into effective management leadership. The ‘pace-setting leader’- this is a leadership technique where the leader motivates his subordinates to better their performance by setting high standards in job execution. The leader then expects his subordinates to ape him. However, this leadership style is only appropriate when the colleagues are already motivated, and self-driven to achieve and excel. This style should be used with a lot of caution, especially when the leader is a high achiever because extensive use of this style may lead to overwhelming of the junior employees. Authoritative leadership another commonly used leadership style. This is where the manager gives an objective that he wishes to be accomplished, and then leaves the subordinates to their own device s as far goal achievement is concerned. This style of leadership is commonly used when a change in objectives especially due to changing circumstances, or where explicit guidance is not necessary. This inspires an entrepreneurial and problem solving nature in the junior staff and helps in self-growth. It is, however not recommended in situations where the junior employees are more qualified in the concerned field than the manager is. The affiliative leadership style is where the leader nurtures a feeling of bonding and belonging among his staff members. The leader makes his staff feel that they are beneficial and are being appreciated in the organisation. It is most effective when the manager wants to rebuild trust among his staff, or when he wishes to relieve stress from his juniors. This leadership style should not be used exclusively because an extensive application of this style will promote under-performance, mediocre results, and a lack of direction within the junior staff mem bers of the organisation. The coaching approach to leadership is one that seeks to develop a lasting positive trait within the staff members. Here, the leader identifies a particular strength within an employee, which the employee has not realised. The leader then advises them to capitalise on these strengths. This is aimed at helping the staff to develop lasting personal strengths that will help in their overall success. It is, however, not an effective strategy in situations that involve defiant employees who are resistant to change. Coercive leadership is where the leader expects his/her instructions to be followed to the latter. It is more like issuing commands to the junior staff, and expecting immediate compliance. It should, however be avoided in any other situation because an extensive use of this technique will lead to alienation and hinder innovation from the employees. Democratic leadership. This leadership style promotes a participatory nature within the organisation. Th e leader, rather than give direct instructions to the employees, opts to seek their input in developing problem solving strategies. It is most effective when the leader seeks to sell an idea or decision to his staff. This makes them more receptive to change as they end up owning the idea/ decision (the employees end up feeling like they came up with the idea and not as though the idea was shoved down their throats.). It also serves well where the manager seeks fresh ideas from qualified staff members. It is not an effective method when an in an emergency situation, or where time is of the essence. The leader should also avoid seeking ideas from his juniors when they are not savvy enough to offer him advice. The foregoing leadership styles have been coined from leaders’ character traits, i.e. a leader who favors the authoritative leadership strategy is said to be an authoritative leader. As they say, human is to error, and this, therefore, means that no single leadership style is perfect (seeing as they have been coined from the traits of the leaders who apply them). It should follow then that a leader should consider all relevant factors of the situation at hand, and come up with a combination of two or more leadership styles to try and balance the unhealthy or unwanted outcomes with the good ones. As earlier seen Bidzina has adopted a number of leadership styles both during his campaigns and offer assuming office. This has enabled him to stay relevant to most people as it is easy to overlook the unpleasant traits where they have out-weighed by the good traits. It is, therefore prudent for political leaders and managers to balance their leadership style in order to appeal to the masses. Failure to do so may bring about a state of rejection and even hate in extreme, from the governed since everyone has his/ her own preferences, which are different from those of the next person. Works Cited Espinosa, Angela, R. Harnden, L. Walker. â€Å"A complexity appr oach to sustainability – Stafford Beer revisited.† European Journal of Operational Research. 187. 2,1 (2008): 636–651. System Innovation for Sustainability. â€Å"System Innovation for Sustainability: Using Systems Thinking and Design Thinking†. 2012. Web. Russ’s Web. â€Å"Wisdom†. 2003. Web. home.earthlink.net/~bmgei/educate/docs/aperson/wisdom/wisdom.htm. 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What Not to Bring to College

What Not to Bring to College Putting together an awesome college packing list can seem simple enough ... until you take a second look and begin to question whether or not you really need all of that stuff. So how can you decide what to bring and what to leave behind? While each students situation is, of course, unique, there are some general dont-bring-em items that definitely shouldnt be brought to college, whether youre a first-year student or a senior or at a large college or a super small one. High School Paraphernalia You know those trophies, class rings, and other items that all symbolize your time in high school? Theyre best left behind. While they may bring back great memories for you, they also make you look like youre still stuck back in high school. Can you bring the lucky football cleats that helped you win the championship? Of course. Should you bring your championship trophy? Better not. High School Clothes Of course, some of the clothes you wore in high school will work just fine in college. But some items, like those that advertise you were on JV Cheer your junior year, are probably best left at home. College campuses practically give t-shirts away through clubs, activities, and special events anyway, so rest assured that you wont be without comfy tees for long. Candles If youre living in the residence halls, these are rarely, if ever, allowed. And if youre living in an off-campus apartment, chances are they arent allowed there, either. Be safe and leave the candles at home so you can avoid any potential conflicts with your RA or your landlord. Large Appliances Try to keep things as compact as possible. So while that popcorn maker your favorite auntie got you may seem pretty cool, its probably best left at home. Larger appliances will take up a ton of room and likely will only be used a few times a year if at all. (Microwaves and mini-fridges, of course, are the exception.) Expensive Equipment and Electronics You may have spent months saving up for some fancy-schmancy stereo system. And as awesome as you think it is, the thief in the building next door likes it even more. Dont tempt fate or your fellow classmates by bringing in equipment or electronics that stand out because of their high cost. Hard-to-Replace Paperwork While you might need things like your birth certificate and your social security card once or twice during your time in school, its better to bring it to campus, show it to whoever needs to see it (the financial aid office, for example), and then send or bring it back home. If items like these disappear, it can be a major pain in the brain to replace them especially if someones stolen them and committed identity theft. Off-Season Clothes While figuring out which clothes to bring to college can be a challenge, one easy rule to go by is to leave off-season clothes behind. If youre heading to school in August, for example, you can probably get your warmest winter jacket in a few months. Theres no need to have clothes you arent going to wear take up already limited space in your room. Duplicates of What Your Roommate Has There are quite a few things you can share with your roommate, so make sure to touch base with him or her before you pack. Two microwaves, for example, will steal a ton of space and be unnecessary. Figure out what each of you wants to bring and then divide and conquer. Drugs and Alcohol This should go without saying, but moving into your residence hall room or apartment with drugs and/or alcohol is a pretty rough way to start out the year. Besides setting yourself up to focus on things other than academics (which is what youre in college for at the end of the day), it can set you off on the wrong foot with an RA or landlord if anyone sees you. Dont sabotage all the work you did to get to college by making a dumb mistake when you first arrive.

State of the Union Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

State of the Union - Assignment Example This is not taken kindly by some republicans who assert that he is more concerned with politics than with the development and well being of the nation. The democrats supported the plans to raise the minimum wage. Later positing that increasing minimum wage is the quickest and surest way of putting money in the pockets of workers. The amount of the money the workers will spend will in turn increase demand for commodities and services and therefore create more jobs. The Vice President seems to be in agreement with the president throughout his speech, but his facial expression changes with the disapproval of most of the planned policies by the republicans, as pointed out in their speeches. Explain the differences in the two men’s responses on the basis of the difference between liberal (Democratic Party) and conservative (Republican Party) ideologies. (The Vice President and the Speaker) According to the two, it is clear that there is a distinction between the views of the democrats and republicans on several issues affecting the citizens of the US. The republicans seem to reject anything Obama would offer. As such, the conservatives feel that the government should serve the people and not the other way round. On taxes and wealth, republicans feel that the government keeps interfering which could have negative ramifications. This was clear with the issue of raising minimum wage and tax increases mentioned in the speech. The conservatives opt for a free market, which is self regulating without government coming in between. As such, they are of the view that instead of raising taxes, lowering them would be good for everyone. The best way to raise the standard of living for Americans is to let people pursue their own goals with reduced bureaucracy which tends to be an obstacle. Liberals on the other hand feel that the ultimate purpose of the government is to improve the lives of the people by reducing poverty,